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Systems in Organisms — Free MYP1 Sciences Practice Questions
1QuestionFunctions of the Human SkeletonConcept Practice
5 marks~8 minCriterion A
The bar graph below shows how much calcium is stored in bones compared to other body parts, for three age groups.
Age group — Calcium in bones (percent) — Calcium in other body parts (percent)
Age group — Calcium in bones (percent) — Calcium in other body parts (percent)
| Child (5–10 years): 99 | 1 |
|---|---|
| Adult (25–40 years): 98 | 2 |
| Elderly (65–80 years): 95 | 5 |
a
Name one job that bones do, based on the data shown. [1]
b
Describe what happens to the amount of calcium stored in bones as people get older. Use figures from the data in your answer. [2]
c
A child's bones store 99 percent of the body's calcium. An elderly person's bones store only 95 percent. Describe one difference between a child's lifestyle and an elderly person's lifestyle that could explain this change. [2]
Solutions
2QuestionMajor Muscles in the Human BodyConcept Practice
3 marks~5 minCriterion C
The table below shows three everyday actions and the muscle group each one uses.
| Action | Muscle group |
|---|---|
| Kicking a ball | Quadriceps |
| Pulling a rope | Biceps |
| Raising your arm | Deltoid |
a
Name the muscle group linked to pulling actions. [1]
b
Describe what the deltoid muscle does, using the table to help you. [1]
c
A student says: 'Pushing a door open uses the same muscle as pulling a rope.' State whether you agree or disagree, and give one reason using what you know about pushing and pulling muscles. [1]
Solutions
3QuestionProtection Support and MovementConcept Practice
5 marks~8 minCriterion B
The table below shows three bones, their shapes, and their main jobs.
The pelvis is a large, flat, curved bone at the base of the spine.
| Bone — Skull | Shape — Flat | Main job — Protect the brain |
|---|---|---|
| Bone — Rib | Shape — Curved flat | Main job — Protect the heart and lungs |
| Bone — Femur | Shape — Long | Main job — Support the weight of the body |
The pelvis is a large, flat, curved bone at the base of the spine.
a
Name the shape of the pelvis. [1]
b
Describe the main job of the pelvis. Use the table to help you. [2]
c
The skull and the femur have different shapes. Describe how their main jobs are different. [2]
Solutions
4QuestionFunctions of the Human SkeletonConcept Practice
4 marks~6 minCriterion A
The diagram shows a human skeleton with three parts labelled: the skull, the ribcage, and the backbone.
a
Name the organ protected by the skull. [1]
b
Identify the organs protected by the ribcage. [1]
c
Describe how the backbone protects the organ inside it. [2]
Solutions
5QuestionBasic Stages of Human ReproductionConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion B
A scientist wants to find out how much water pregnant mice need each day. She gives three groups of mice either 10 mL, 20 mL, or 30 mL of water daily. All mice eat the same food and live in the same type of cage.
a
Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable in this investigation. [1]
b
Describe why it is important to keep the food the same for all groups of mice. [1]
Solutions
6QuestionFertilization and Development SimplifiedConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion A
The images below show three stages of fertilization in the wrong order.
Image A: a sperm cell is close to an egg cell.
Image B: a fertilized egg is starting to divide.
Image C: a sperm cell is fusing with an egg cell.
Image A: a sperm cell is close to an egg cell.
Image B: a fertilized egg is starting to divide.
Image C: a sperm cell is fusing with an egg cell.
a
Identify the correct order of Images A, B, and C. [1]
b
Describe what is happening in Image C using the words sperm, egg, and fuse. [1]
Solutions
7QuestionFertilization and Development SimplifiedConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion A
The diagram shows a simplified egg cell (ovum) with three parts labelled A, B, and C.
a
Identify which label, A, B, or C, points to the nucleus. [1]
b
Describe one job the nucleus does inside the egg cell. [1]
Solutions
8QuestionSweating and Carbon Dioxide RemovalConcept Practice
5 marks~8 minCriterion B
The table below shows how much sweat a person produces each hour at different room temperatures.
| Room temperature (°C) | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweat produced (mL/hour) | 100 | 200 | 300 | ? |
a
Identify the amount of sweat produced at 20°C. [1]
b
Describe the pattern shown in the table between room temperature and sweat produced. [2]
c
Calculate the amount of sweat produced at 35°C. Show your working. [2]
Solutions
9QuestionConcept of Excretion and Examples in HumansConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion A
The diagram shows the human body with three organs labelled: lungs, kidneys, and skin.
a
Identify the organ that removes carbon dioxide from the blood. [1]
b
Describe why the body needs to remove carbon dioxide. [1]
Solutions
10QuestionConsequences of System FailureConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion B
A student wants to find out why plant leaves turn yellow. She sets up three pots with the same plant and soil. Pot A gets 10 mL of water each day, Pot B gets 20 mL, and Pot C gets 30 mL. All pots get the same amount of sunlight. After one week, she counts the yellow leaves on each plant.
a
Identify the independent variable in this investigation. [1]
b
Identify the dependent variable in this investigation. [1]
In your answers, also name one controlled variable.
In your answers, also name one controlled variable.
Solutions
11QuestionCase Studies of System Interactions in Daily LifeConcept Practice
4 marks~6 minCriterion D
A student looks at leaves from three plants under a microscope and counts the tiny holes (stomata) on each surface.
| Plant | Water lily | Oak | Cactus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upper surface (stomata per mm²) | 400 | 120 | 50 |
| Lower surface (stomata per mm²) | 0 | 280 | 30 |
a
Name the plant that has the fewest stomata on its upper surface. [1]
b
Describe what happens to water loss in a plant that has fewer stomata. [1]
c
The cactus lives in a hot, dry desert. The water lily lives in a pond. Compare how the number of stomata on each plant helps it survive in its habitat. [2]
Solutions
12QuestionConsequences of System FailureConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion C
A heart attack happens when part of the heart muscle stops getting blood and becomes damaged.
a
Describe one way a heart attack could affect what a person is able to do in their daily life. [1]
b
Describe one thing that a simple model of the heart cannot show about how the heart works. [1]
Solutions
13QuestionCase Studies of System Interactions in Daily LifeConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion A
The diagram shows a food chain: grass → rabbit → fox.
a
Identify the producer in this food chain. [1]
b
Describe the roles of the rabbit and the fox in this food chain. Use the words "consumer" and "predator" in your answer. [1]
Solutions
14QuestionJourney of Food Through the Digestive TractConcept Practice
4 marks~6 minCriterion A
The diagram below shows four organs of the digestive system in order.
Organ 1: Food is chewed and mixed with saliva.
Organ 2: Food is mixed with acidic juices and churned.
Organ 3: Nutrients pass into the blood.
Organ 4: Water is removed, forming solid waste.
Organ 1: Food is chewed and mixed with saliva.
Organ 2: Food is mixed with acidic juices and churned.
Organ 3: Nutrients pass into the blood.
Organ 4: Water is removed, forming solid waste.
a
Name each organ. [2]
b
Describe what Organ 2 does to food. [1]
c
Organ 3 absorbs nutrients and Organ 4 absorbs water. Describe one way these two organs do a similar job and one way they do a different job. [1]
Solutions
15QuestionAbsorption of Nutrients in the Small IntestineConcept Practice
5 marks~8 minCriterion B
Anna is learning about how the small intestine absorbs nutrients. She records how much nutrient each section absorbs.
Section 1: 10 g
Section 2: 20 g
Section 3: 30 g
Section 4: 40 g
Section 1: 10 g
Section 2: 20 g
Section 3: 30 g
Section 4: 40 g
a
Name the organ where nutrient absorption takes place. [1]
b
Describe the pattern you see in Anna's data. [2]
c
Anna says Section 5 will absorb more nutrients than Section 1. State how much Section 5 will absorb, and describe one reason why absorbing more nutrients further along the intestine could be useful for the body. [2]
Solutions
16QuestionMechanical and Chemical DigestionConcept Practice
3 marks~5 minCriterion C
A student breaks a 1 cm bread cube into smaller pieces by chewing. A second 1 cm bread cube is broken down by stomach acid. The total surface area of the bread pieces is recorded every 2 minutes.
| Time (minutes) | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surface area after chewing (cm²) | 6 | 12 | 24 | 48 |
| Surface area after stomach acid (cm²) | 6 | 9 | 13 | 20 |
a
Identify the surface area of the bread after chewing at 4 minutes. [1]
b
Describe what happens to the surface area of the bread over time when it is broken down by chewing. [1]
c
Compare how quickly chewing and stomach acid increase the surface area of the bread. [1]
Solutions
17QuestionAbsorption of Nutrients in the Small IntestineConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion A
The diagram below shows a cross-section of the wall of the small intestine. Four structures are labelled A, B, C, and D.
Label A: a finger-like projection
Label B: a blood vessel inside the projection
Label C: the outer muscle layer
Label D: the inner lining
Label A: a finger-like projection
Label B: a blood vessel inside the projection
Label C: the outer muscle layer
Label D: the inner lining
a
Identify which label (A, B, C, or D) shows a villus. [1]
b
Describe one way a villus helps the small intestine absorb nutrients. [1]
Solutions
18QuestionBlood Vessels Arteries Veins CapillariesConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion A
The diagram shows cross-sections of an artery and a vein.
a
Identify the blood vessel that has the thicker muscular wall. [1]
b
Describe why that blood vessel needs a thicker muscular wall. [1]
Solutions
19QuestionGas Exchange in the AlveoliConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion B
A student runs for different amounts of time: 0 minutes, 2 minutes, 4 minutes, and 6 minutes. After each run, the student counts the number of breaths per minute.
a
Identify the independent variable in this investigation. [1]
b
Describe what the student does to keep this a fair test. Give one example. [1]
Solutions
20QuestionStructure and Function of the Respiratory SystemConcept Practice
7 marks~11 minCriterion C
A student counted their breathing rate during four activities.
| Activity | Rest | Walking | Jogging | Running |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breathing rate (breaths per minute) | 12 | 16 | 22 | 29 |
a
Identify the trend in breathing rate as the activities get harder. [1]
b
Describe what happens to breathing rate during the activities. Use one number from the data in your answer. [2]
c
A friend says: "Your breathing rate is the same whether you walk or run." Describe how the data above shows this friend is wrong, and give one reason why breathing rate changes during harder exercise. [4]
Solutions
21QuestionBlood Vessels Arteries Veins CapillariesConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion A
The diagram shows a cross-section of an artery and a vein. Part X is labelled on the wall of the artery. Part Y is labelled inside the vein.
a
Name the structure labelled X. [1]
b
Describe one job that structure Y does inside the vein. [1]
Solutions
22QuestionBasic Stages of Human ReproductionAssessment Practice
5 marks~8 minCriterion C
A scientist placed fertilised eggs into two groups of rabbits. Group A had a healthy uterine lining. Group B had a damaged uterine lining.
Group A: 8 out of 10 eggs attached to the uterine lining.
Group B: 2 out of 10 eggs attached to the uterine lining.
Group A: 8 out of 10 eggs attached to the uterine lining.
Group B: 2 out of 10 eggs attached to the uterine lining.
a
Identify which group had more eggs successfully attach to the uterine lining. [1]
b
Describe what the data show about how the condition of the uterine lining affects attachment of the egg. [2]
c
Describe one way the results from this experiment with rabbits may not apply to humans, and one reason why using only 10 eggs per group may be a problem. [2]
Solutions
23QuestionImportance of Maintaining Internal BalanceAssessment Practice
5 marks~8 minCriterion C
Three people each drank a glass of cold water. Their body temperatures (°C) were recorded every 10 minutes.
Time (min): 0 / 10 / 20 / 30 / 40
Person A (healthy): 37.0 / 36.2 / 36.8 / 37.1 / 37.0
Person B (fever): 38.5 / 37.9 / 37.4 / 37.1 / 37.0
Person C (low body fat): 37.0 / 35.8 / 36.5 / 37.2 / 37.0
Time (min): 0 / 10 / 20 / 30 / 40
Person A (healthy): 37.0 / 36.2 / 36.8 / 37.1 / 37.0
Person B (fever): 38.5 / 37.9 / 37.4 / 37.1 / 37.0
Person C (low body fat): 37.0 / 35.8 / 36.5 / 37.2 / 37.0
a
Identify the lowest temperature recorded for Person A. [1]
b
Describe what happens to Person A's body temperature after it reaches its lowest point. [2]
c
Compare how quickly Person A and Person C return to 37.0 °C after their temperature drops. What does this suggest about how body fat affects temperature control? [2]
Solutions
24QuestionConcept of Excretion and Examples in HumansAssessment Practice
7 marks~11 minCriterion D
Your science club goes camping near a stream used for drinking water. When someone needs to urinate, your teacher suggests three methods:
Method A: Dig a hole, urinate in it, and cover it with soil.
Method B: Urinate in a bottle, seal it, and carry it home to flush down a toilet.
Method C: Urinate directly onto the ground near the stream.
Method A: Dig a hole, urinate in it, and cover it with soil.
Method B: Urinate in a bottle, seal it, and carry it home to flush down a toilet.
Method C: Urinate directly onto the ground near the stream.
a
Name the main waste product found in urine that the body needs to remove. [1]
b
Describe one way Method C could affect the drinking water in the nearby stream. [2]
c
Identify which method — A or B — is better for the environment and describe one reason why it is better than the other. [4]
Solutions