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Specialized Cells and Their Functions — Free MYP2 Sciences Practice Questions
1QuestionAdaptations of Specialized CellsConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion A
The diagram shows a red blood cell and a sperm cell.
a
Identify ONE structural adaptation of the red blood cell that helps it carry oxygen. [1]
b
The sperm cell has a long tail, called a flagellum, that whips back and forth. Explain how this structure helps the sperm cell reach an egg. [1]
Solutions
2QuestionAdaptations of Specialized CellsAssessment Practice
5 marks~8 minCriterion D
Stem cells are unspecialised cells that can develop into different cell types. Adult stem cells, found in bone marrow, produce a limited range of cell types. Embryonic stem cells, taken from early embryos (tiny clusters of cells), can become any cell type.
Scientists hope to use stem cells to repair heart muscle damaged by heart attacks.
Scientists hope to use stem cells to repair heart muscle damaged by heart attacks.
a
Identify one difference between embryonic and adult stem cells that makes embryonic stem cells more useful for producing heart muscle cells. [1]
b
Describe one argument for and one argument against using embryonic stem cells in medical treatments. [2]
c
Explain why people from different religious or cultural communities might have different opinions about using embryonic stem cells to treat heart disease. [2]
Solutions
3QuestionAdaptations of Specialized CellsAssessment Practice
5 marks~8 minCriterion C
Cilia are tiny hair-like structures that sweep mucus and particles out of the lungs.
A doctor tells patients that smoking damages cilia. The table below shows cilia counts for three individuals.
Person A (non-smoker): 250 cilia per cell
Person B (smoker): 120 cilia per cell
Person C (non-smoker with asthma): 230 cilia per cell
A doctor tells patients that smoking damages cilia. The table below shows cilia counts for three individuals.
Person A (non-smoker): 250 cilia per cell
Person B (smoker): 120 cilia per cell
Person C (non-smoker with asthma): 230 cilia per cell
a
State which person has the lowest cilia count. [1]
b
Explain how the data supports the idea that smoking reduces the number of cilia. [2]
c
Compare the cilia counts of all three people and identify one reason why this data may not fully show the effect of smoking on cilia. [2]
Solutions
4QuestionComparing Specialized vs Unspecialized CellsAssessment Practice
3 marks~5 minCriterion B
The table below shows four cell types and three characteristics.
Cell type — Has a nucleus — Can divide — Has a specific shape
Cell type — Has a nucleus — Can divide — Has a specific shape
| Red blood cell | No | No | Yes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nerve cell | Yes | No | Yes |
| Muscle cell | Yes | No | Yes |
| Unspecialized stem cell | Yes | Yes | No |
a
Identify which cell type, if any, has all three characteristics: a nucleus, the ability to divide, and a specific shape. [1]
b
Describe the pattern in the table between having a specific shape and the ability to divide. [1]
c
Explain what the table reveals about the difference between specialized cells and unspecialized stem cells. [1]
Solutions
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