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Energy Forms and Transfer

Energy Forms and Transfer — Free MYP2 Sciences Practice Questions

1QuestionClosed Systems and Energy AccountingConcept Practice

2 marks~3 minCriterion A

The diagram shows a pendulum at three positions: position 1 (top of swing), position 2 (midpoint), and position 3 (bottom). Label A shows kinetic energy at position 2. Label B shows gravitational potential energy (stored energy due to height) at position 1. Label C shows total energy at position 1.

Identify which label represents the total energy of the pendulum system. [1]

Explain why that label also represents the total energy at every other position during the swing. [1]

Solutions

2QuestionComparing the Three Modes of Heat TransferConcept Practice

2 marks~3 minCriterion A

The diagram shows a pot of water boiling on a stove. Three arrows indicate heat transfer in different parts of the system.

- Arrow X: through the metal handle of the pot
- Arrow Y: through the water inside the pot
- Arrow Z: away from the surface of the water into the air above

Identify the mode of heat transfer shown by each arrow. [1]

X: ___
Y: ___
Z: ___

Explain why Arrow Y cannot represent conduction. [1]

Solutions

3QuestionComparing Energy Resources for SustainabilityConcept Practice

2 marks~3 minCriterion A

The diagram shows four energy sources: a solar panel, a wind turbine, a coal power plant, and a hydroelectric dam.

Identify each energy source as renewable (R) or non-renewable (NR).

Solar panel: ___ Wind turbine: ___ Coal power plant: ___ Hydroelectric dam: ___ [1]

Explain why coal is classified differently from the other three sources. [1]

Solutions

4QuestionCalculating Efficiency PercentConcept Practice

3 marks~5 minCriterion A

The bar graph below shows the efficiency of three light bulbs. Efficiency (%) is the percentage of electrical energy converted into useful light energy.

Identify which bulb has the highest efficiency. [1]

Explain why the incandescent bulb has the lowest efficiency. [1]

The LED efficiency is about 80% and the incandescent efficiency is about 10%. Compare the energy wasted as heat by each bulb. [1]

Solutions

5QuestionDefinition and Examples of Different Energy TypesConcept Practice

2 marks~3 minCriterion A

The diagram shows four objects: a moving car, a stationary ball, a stretched rubber band, and a lit lamp.

Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because it is moving.

Identify the object in the diagram that has kinetic energy. [1]

Explain why that object has kinetic energy. [1]

Solutions

6QuestionEnergy Changes in Everyday DevicesConcept Practice

2 marks~3 minCriterion A

The diagram shows a desk lamp with three labeled components: A (electrical cord), B (bulb), and C (light beam).

Identify the component that represents the energy input. [1]

Identify the component that represents the useful energy output. [1]

Solutions

7QuestionClosed Systems and Energy AccountingAssessment Practice

2 marks~3 minCriterion D

A student uses a 500 W immersion heater to heat 1 kg of water inside a thermos flask for 2 minutes. A thermos is designed as a closed system — one that does not exchange energy with its surroundings.

Describe one real-world consequence of assuming this thermos is a perfectly closed system. [2]

Solutions

8QuestionDesigning Simple Energy InvestigationsAssessment Practice

3 marks~5 minCriterion B

A student drops a rubber ball from different heights and measures the bounce height each time. The graph shows a straight line through the origin, but the bounce-height line always sits below the drop-height line.

Identify the relationship between drop height and bounce height. [1]

Explain why the bounce height is always less than the drop height. Use the idea of energy transfer in your answer. [1]

A ball is dropped from 80 cm and bounces to 60 cm. Compare the energy at the start of the drop with the energy at the top of the bounce, and suggest where the missing energy has gone. [1]

Solutions

9QuestionExplaining Why Energy is Never Lost Only TransferredAssessment Practice

4 marks~6 minCriterion C

A child swings on a playground swing. After a push, the swing gradually slows down and stops. A friend says, "The energy has been lost — it's all used up."

Explain why the friend's claim is inaccurate, referring to the conservation of energy. [2]

Identify one reason why the energy transferred away from the swing cannot easily be recovered. [2]

Solutions

10QuestionDefinition and Examples of RadiationAssessment Practice

4 marks~6 minCriterion B

A thermal sensor is placed at different distances from an electric heater that emits radiation (energy transferred by electromagnetic waves) in all directions.

Distance (cm)	5	10	15	20	25
Temperature (°C)	80	40	27	20	16

Describe the relationship between distance and temperature shown in the data. [1]

Explain why temperature decreases as the sensor moves further from the heater. Use the idea that radiation spreads outward from the source. [2]

Estimate the temperature at 30 cm and compare it with the value at 25 cm. Use the data to support your reasoning. [1]

Solutions

11QuestionDefinition and Examples of RadiationAssessment Practice

5 marks~8 minCriterion D

A solar cooker uses a curved, shiny surface to focus sunlight onto a dark cooking pot. The dark pot absorbs radiation and heats up.

Identify one advantage of using a solar cooker instead of a gas stove. [1]

Explain why cloudy weather makes a solar cooker unreliable for daily cooking. [2]

Compare the suitability of a solar cooker and a gas stove for use in the United Kingdom. [2]

Solutions

12QuestionDefinition and Examples of ConductionAssessment Practice

5 marks~8 minCriterion C

Three rods — copper, wood, and plastic — of equal length and thickness were placed with one end in water at 80°C. Room temperature was 22°C. After 5 minutes, the temperature at the far end of each rod was recorded.

Copper: 65°C Wood: 28°C Plastic: 24°C

State what conduction is. [1]

Identify the best conductor from the data and explain why the copper rod reached a much higher temperature than the wood or plastic rod. [2]

Compare the results for wood and plastic, and describe one limitation of this experiment that makes it difficult to conclude which of these two materials is the better conductor. [2]

Solutions

13QuestionComparing Energy Resources for SustainabilityAssessment Practice

5 marks~8 minCriterion C

A student tests a solar panel and a small wind turbine over five days.

Day 1 (Sunny, calm)	Solar = 500 J	Wind = 50 J
Day 2 (Sunny, windy)	Solar = 480 J	Wind = 400 J
Day 3 (Cloudy, calm)	Solar = 150 J	Wind = 40 J
Day 4 (Cloudy, windy)	Solar = 120 J	Wind = 350 J
Day 5 (Rainy, windy)	Solar = 80 J	Wind = 300 J

A classmate claims: "Wind turbines always produce more energy than solar panels in all conditions."

Identify which energy source produced more energy on Day 1. [1]

Explain why the data from Days 1, 2, and 3 contradicts the classmate's claim. [2]

Compare the overall evidence from all five days and discuss whether five days of data is enough to draw a general conclusion about which energy source is better. [2]

Solutions

14QuestionComparing Energy Resources for SustainabilityAssessment Practice

4 marks~6 minCriterion D

A town currently uses a coal power plant for electricity. The local government is considering switching to a solar energy farm.

Identify one benefit of switching from coal to solar energy. [1]

Describe one limitation of using solar energy for this town. [1]

Explain how assuming a high number of sunny days per year could affect the accuracy of this decision. [2]

Solutions

15QuestionSolar Wind and Hydro Energy BasicsAssessment Practice

6 marks~9 minCriterion B

Students test a small wind turbine and record the following data.

Wind speed (m/s)	2	4	6	8	10	12
Power output (W)	16	128	432	1024	2000	3456

Identify the pattern linking power output to wind speed. [1]

Calculate the predicted power output at a wind speed of 14 m/s. Show your working. [2]

Explain why this pattern makes sense for a wind turbine. [3]

Solutions

16QuestionCalculating Efficiency PercentAssessment Practice

5 marks~8 minCriterion B

An electric toy car is tested with different numbers of toy passengers. Efficiency (%) shows how much input energy becomes useful output energy.

Number of passengers	0	1	2	3
Input energy (J)	100	120	150	180
Output energy (J)	90	100	110	115

Calculate the efficiency percentage for each number of passengers using:

\text{efficiency} = \frac{\text{output energy}}{\text{input energy}} \times 100\%

[2]

Describe the pattern in efficiency as the number of passengers increases. [1]

Estimate the efficiency for 4 passengers and explain your reasoning using the pattern you identified. [2]

Solutions

17QuestionCalculating Efficiency PercentAssessment Practice

6 marks~9 minCriterion D

A 60 W incandescent bulb has an efficiency of 2%. A 12 W LED bulb has an efficiency of 80%. Both bulbs are used for 4 hours each day.

Efficiency is the percentage of energy input that becomes useful light energy.

Calculate the energy wasted per day by each bulb in watt-hours (Wh). Show your working. [2]

Explain one environmental benefit and one financial benefit of switching from the incandescent bulb to the LED bulb. [2]

Compare efficiency with two other factors a consumer should consider when choosing a light bulb. [2]

Solutions

18QuestionEnergy Labels and Appliance RatingsAssessment Practice

5 marks~8 minCriterion C

Four refrigerator models were tested. Efficiency (how much of the energy put in becomes useful output) is calculated as:

\text{Efficiency} = \frac{\text{useful output (J)}}{\text{total input (J)}} \times 100\%

Model	Energy input (J)	Useful output (J)	Labelled rating
A	800	600	$A^{+++}$
B	1200	720	$A^{+}$
C	1500	750	B
D	2000	800	D

Energy rating thresholds:

A^{+++}

≥ 70%,

A^{+}

≥ 55%, B ≥ 45%, C ≥ 35%, D < 35%.

Calculate the efficiency of Model A. [1]

Calculate the efficiency of each remaining model (B, C, and D). [2]

Compare the calculated efficiencies of all four models with their labelled ratings. Identify which model has an inconsistent rating and explain why. [2]

Solutions

19QuestionKinetic and Potential EnergyAssessment Practice

6 marks~9 minCriterion B

A student releases a pendulum bob from different heights and records the maximum height it reaches on the other side.

Release height (cm)	50	40	30	20
Maximum swing height (cm)	48	38	27	15

Identify the type of energy the bob has at its highest point. [1]

Calculate the energy lost (in cm) for each trial. Show your working, then estimate the maximum swing height for a release height of 10 cm. [3]

The energy lost increases as the release height decreases. Explain why this pattern occurs, using the terms gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. [2]

Solutions

20QuestionEnergy in Daily Life ApplicationsAssessment Practice

5 marks~8 minCriterion C

A student says: "A toaster uses electrical energy to make heat."

The diagram shows a toaster with a heating element at

200^\circ\text{C}

and a bread surface at

85^\circ\text{C}

. Arrows show electrical energy transforming into thermal energy in the element, thermal energy transferring to the bread, and some energy lost as radiant energy to the surroundings.

Identify one reason why the student's claim is incomplete. [1]

Describe the energy transformations shown in the diagram, referring to the temperature values. [2]

Explain why the radiant energy lost to the surroundings is considered waste energy, and compare this with the thermal energy that reaches the bread. [2]

Solutions

21QuestionDefinition and Examples of Different Energy TypesAssessment Practice

6 marks~9 minCriterion D

A family in a rainy region uses a solar cooker. A curved mirror focuses sunlight onto a dark cooking pot, which heats up and cooks the food.

Identify one energy transformation that occurs in the solar cooker. [1]

Explain why this solar cooker may not work well for this family on most days. [2]

Compare using the solar cooker with using a gas stove as the family's main cooking method. State which you would recommend and give one reason. [3]

Solutions

22QuestionEnergy Conversion from One Form to AnotherAssessment Practice

6 marks~9 minCriterion B

A student drops a ball from different heights and records the first bounce height.

Drop height (cm)	20	40	60	80
Bounce height (cm)	12	24	36	48

Identify the relationship between drop height and bounce height. State the rule as an equation using

B

for bounce height and

D

for drop height. [2]

Calculate the predicted bounce height when the ball is dropped from 100 cm. Show your working. [2]

The bounce height is always less than the drop height. Explain why, using the idea of energy conversion. [2]

Solutions

23QuestionEnergy Changes in Everyday DevicesAssessment Practice

6 marks~9 minCriterion D

A family chooses between two lamps used for 4 hours each day. Electricity costs 0.15 dollars per kWh (kilowatt-hour, a unit of energy).

LED lamp	10 W power	lifespan 25 000 hours	costs 25 dollars
Incandescent lamp	60 W power	lifespan 1 000 hours	costs 5 dollars

Calculate the total electrical energy, in kWh, used by each lamp over 5 years (365 days per year). [2]

Calculate the total cost in dollars for each lamp over 5 years, including electricity and the cost of buying replacement lamps as needed. [2]

Compare the two lamps as a choice for the family's budget and for the environment. In your answer, identify one limitation of this comparison. [2]

Solutions

24QuestionEnergy Changes in Everyday DevicesAssessment Practice

5 marks~8 minCriterion C

Three bulbs each receive 60 J of electrical energy. The table shows how each bulb distributes that energy.

Bulb — Light output — Heat output

Incandescent	3 J	57 J
CFL	12 J	48 J
LED	18 J	42 J

Efficiency (the percentage of input energy converted to useful light) =

\dfrac{\text{useful light output}}{\text{total input energy}} \times 100\%

State which bulb produces the most light energy. [1]

Calculate the efficiency of each bulb. Show your working. [2]

Compare the three efficiencies and evaluate whether the data supports the claim: "LED bulbs are more efficient at converting electrical energy into light than CFL and incandescent bulbs." Suggest one limitation of this experiment. [2]

Solutions