Homologus Series and Functional Groups
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Homologus Series and Functional Groups — Free MYP4 Chemistry Practice Questions

1QuestionHomologous Series Definition and characteristicsConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion A
Car engines burn alkanes such as octane as fuel. When the oxygen supply is insufficient, incomplete combustion occurs.

Describe one environmental or health impact resulting from the incomplete combustion of alkanes in car engines. [2]
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Solutions

2QuestionHomologous Series Definition and characteristicsAssessment Practice
5 marks~8 minCriterion D
A student investigates methane (CH4CH_4) and methanol (CH3OHCH_3OH) as alternative fuels. Their complete combustion equations are:

CH4+2 O2→CO2+2 H2OCH_4 + 2\,O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 + 2\,H_2O

2 CH3OH+3 O2→2 CO2+4 H2O2\,CH_3OH + 3\,O_2 \rightarrow 2\,CO_2 + 4\,H_2O

Molar masses: CH4=16 g/molCH_4 = 16\ \text{g/mol}, CH3OH=32 g/molCH_3OH = 32\ \text{g/mol}, CO2=44 g/molCO_2 = 44\ \text{g/mol}.
a
Calculate the mass of CO2CO_2 produced per gram of each fuel burned. [2]
b
Deduce, using your results from (a), which fuel produces less CO2CO_2 per gram, and explain why the fuel with the lower molar mass does not automatically produce less CO2CO_2 per gram. [1]
c
Discuss two factors beyond CO2CO_2 emissions that must be considered to fully evaluate the environmental impact of these fuels. [2]
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Solutions

3QuestionHomologous Series Definition and characteristicsConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion B
The table below shows the first five alkanes.

NameMethaneEthanePropaneButanePentane
Molecular formulaCH4CH_4C2H6C_2H_6C3H8C_3H_8C4H10C_4H_{10}C5H12C_5H_{12}
Boiling point (°C)−162−89−42−136
a
Analyse the pattern in the molecular formulas as the carbon chain length increases. [1]
b
Deduce the molecular formula and name of the next alkane in the series. [1]

Solutions

4QuestionFunctional Groups Importance in determining propertiesAssessment Practice
5 marks~8 minCriterion C
The structural diagrams of ethanol (C2H6O\text{C}_2\text{H}_6\text{O}) and ethanoic acid (C2H4O2\text{C}_2\text{H}_4\text{O}_2) are shown below.
a
Identify the functional group present in each molecule. [2]
b
Ethanoic acid has a boiling point of 118 °C, while ethanol has a boiling point of 78 °C. Both molecules are miscible with water. Explain how the functional groups account for the difference in boiling points between the two molecules. [2]
c
Evaluate whether boiling point alone is sufficient evidence to conclude that ethanoic acid forms stronger intermolecular forces than ethanol. [1]
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Solutions

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