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Vaccination — Free MYP5 Biology Practice Questions
1QuestionImportance of VaccinationConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion A
During an immune response, a pathogen enters a lymph node and is detected by several immune cells. The diagram below shows a section of a lymph node with four labelled immune cells: B cell, T cell, macrophage, and dendritic cell.
a
Identify the immune cell in the diagram that is responsible for producing antibodies. [1]
b
Explain how this cell carries out its antibody-producing function during an immune response. [1]
Solutions
2QuestionHerd Immunity and Disease PreventionAssessment Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion D
A student refuses the measles vaccine, arguing that vaccinated classmates will protect them through herd immunity. Measles requires approximately 95% vaccination coverage in a population to maintain herd immunity.
Refer to the image showing two populations: one with high vaccination coverage and one with low vaccination coverage.
Refer to the image showing two populations: one with high vaccination coverage and one with low vaccination coverage.
a
Identify the ethical issue raised by the student's reasoning. [1]
b
Explain why this reasoning becomes self-defeating if a significant number of students adopt the same approach. [1]
Solutions
3QuestionImportance of VaccinationAssessment Practice
3 marks~5 minCriterion B
The graph below shows vaccination coverage (percent) and disease incidence (cases per 100,000 people) recorded annually over ten years for a single disease.
| Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccination coverage (percent) | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 65 | 70 | 75 | 80 | 85 |
| Disease cases per 100,000 | 200 | 180 | 150 | 120 | 90 | 60 | 35 | 20 | 10 | 5 |
a
Identify the relationship between vaccination coverage and disease incidence shown in the graph, using data to support your answer. [1]
b
Explain how increasing the proportion of vaccinated individuals in a population reduces disease incidence. [1]
c
Discuss how the pattern of decline in disease cases supports the concept of herd immunity, with reference to a threshold effect visible in the data. [1]
Solutions
4QuestionHerd Immunity and Disease PreventionAssessment Practice
3 marks~5 minCriterion A
Three populations (A, B, C) are each exposed to the same infectious pathogen. The proportion of vaccinated individuals in each population is shown below.
Population A: 60% vaccinated
Population B: 80% vaccinated
Population C: 95% vaccinated
The critical vaccination threshold for this pathogen is known to exceed 80%.
Population A: 60% vaccinated
Population B: 80% vaccinated
Population C: 95% vaccinated
The critical vaccination threshold for this pathogen is known to exceed 80%.
a
Identify which population is most likely to achieve herd immunity and explain how the concept of the critical vaccination threshold supports your answer. [2]
b
The basic reproduction number () of a pathogen is related to the critical vaccination threshold () by: Use this relationship to explain why a more transmissible pathogen requires a higher proportion of vaccinated individuals to achieve herd immunity. [1]
Solutions
5QuestionHerd Immunity and Disease PreventionAssessment Practice
6 marks~9 minCriterion D
A school board is considering mandating the MMR vaccine for all students to achieve herd immunity against measles. Measles has a basic reproduction number () of 15. The herd immunity threshold is given by:
where is the minimum proportion of the population that must be immune.
where is the minimum proportion of the population that must be immune.
a
Calculate the minimum vaccination rate, as a percentage, needed to achieve herd immunity. [2]
b
A proposed religious exemption policy would reduce the vaccination rate to 88%. Explain how this reduction affects herd immunity and the risk to immunocompromised students who cannot receive the MMR vaccine. [2]
c
Evaluate whether the school board should adopt the religious exemption policy, considering the tension between individual rights and community health, and one limitation of using to model real-world disease spread. [2]
Solutions
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