Ionic Covalent and Metallic Bonding
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Ionic Covalent and Metallic Bonding — Free MYP5 Chemistry Practice Questions

1QuestionBond strength, melting points and conductivityConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion A
The diagram below shows the three-dimensional lattice structure of sodium chloride (NaCl), with alternating Na+\text{Na}^+ and Cl−\text{Cl}^- ions held in a regular arrangement.
a
Identify the type of bonding present in sodium chloride. [1]
b
The melting point of NaCl is 801 °C, while that of iodine (I₂) is 114 °C. Using your knowledge of structure and bonding, deduce why NaCl has a significantly higher melting point than iodine. [1]
Question diagram

Solutions

2QuestionFormation and Diagrams of Covalent BondsAssessment Practice
3 marks~5 minCriterion C
Two electron dot diagrams for a water molecule (H2_2O) are shown below.

Diagram A: H  ⁣: ⁣O⋅⋅⋅⋅ ⁣ ⁣: \,\colon\!\overset{\displaystyle\cdot\cdot}{\underset{\displaystyle\cdot\cdot}{\text{O}}}\!\colon\,H — oxygen shows 4 electron pairs (8 valence electrons total).

Diagram B: H  ⁣: ⁣O⋅⋅ ⁣ ⁣: \,\colon\!\overset{\displaystyle\cdot\cdot}{\text{O}}\!\colon\,H — oxygen shows 3 electron pairs (6 valence electrons total).
a
Identify which diagram correctly represents H2_2O. [1]
b
Explain why the other diagram violates the octet rule, referring to the electron arrangement around oxygen. [2]
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Solutions

3QuestionBond strength, melting points and conductivityAssessment Practice
6 marks~9 minCriterion D

Data

Copper: melting point 1085 ∘C1085\ ^\circ\text{C}; conductivity ≈58×106 S m−1\approx 58 \times 10^6\ \text{S m}^{-1}
Aluminium: melting point 660 ∘C660\ ^\circ\text{C}; conductivity ≈35×106 S m−1\approx 35 \times 10^6\ \text{S m}^{-1} (approximately 60\% of copper's value)

Copper is denser and more expensive to mine; aluminium is lighter and cheaper but requires large amounts of electricity to refine from bauxite ore.
A city council is choosing between copper and aluminium for new power transmission lines. Engineers record the following
a
Explain how metallic bond strength accounts for the difference in melting points between copper and aluminium. [2]
b
Discuss one societal benefit and one environmental drawback for each metal as a transmission-line material. [2]
c
Evaluate the limitations of using only melting point and conductivity data to decide which metal the council should choose. [2]
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Solutions

4QuestionFormation and Diagrams of Covalent BondsAssessment Practice
3 marks~5 minCriterion B
The table below shows bond lengths and bond energies for four covalent bonds.

BondH–HH–FH–ClH–Br
Bond length (pm)7492127141
Bond energy (kJ mol−1^{-1})436569431366
a
Describe the general relationship between bond length and bond energy shown by the data. [1]
b
Explain this relationship in terms of electron cloud overlap. [1]
c
The H–F bond does not follow the general trend. Analyse why H–F has a higher bond energy than H–H, despite being only slightly shorter. [1]

Solutions

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