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Energy Transformations — Free MYP3 Sciences Practice Questions
1QuestionEnergy Conversion from One Form to AnotherConcept Practice
6 marks~9 minCriterion A
A battery-powered flashlight contains a battery, a switch, and a light bulb. A student measures that the battery supplies 6 J of energy. The light bulb converts 4 J into light energy and the remaining energy into heat.
a
Identify the form of energy stored in the battery. [1]
b
Describe the sequence of energy transformations that occur from the moment the switch is closed until the bulb produces light. [2]
c
Using the energy values given, explain how the heat produced by the bulb supports the idea that energy is conserved. [3]
Solutions
2QuestionEnergy Changes in Everyday DevicesAssessment Practice
8 marks~12 minCriterion D
A hybrid car captures energy during braking and stores it in a battery. A gasoline car does not. The table below shows data for two cars travelling the same route.
| Car type | Energy input (kJ): 1000 |
|---|---|
| Gasoline car | Useful mechanical energy output (kJ): 250 |
| Hybrid car | Useful mechanical energy output (kJ): 380 |
a
Describe the sequence of energy transformations that occurs in a gasoline car as it moves along a road. [2]
b
Explain why the hybrid car produces less waste heat than the gasoline car, using the data in the table to support your answer. [3]
c
A city council claims that switching its entire bus fleet to hybrid vehicles will solve its air-pollution and resource-use problems. Using evidence from the table and your knowledge of hybrid technology, analyse whether this claim is fully justified. [3]
Solutions
3QuestionEnergy Changes in Everyday DevicesAssessment Practice
12 marks~18 minCriterion C
A hybrid car uses both a gasoline engine and an electric motor. During braking, regenerative braking converts the car's kinetic energy back into electrical energy, which is stored in the battery. A conventional gasoline car wastes this energy as heat.
a
Describe the energy transformations that occur when the hybrid car accelerates from rest using the electric motor only. [2]
b
Explain one environmental advantage of a hybrid car over a conventional gasoline car. [2]
c
A student claims: "Regenerative braking makes a hybrid car more efficient than a conventional car because no energy is wasted during braking."
Analyse this claim. In your answer, explain how regenerative braking improves efficiency and assess whether the student's claim is fully correct. [8]
Analyse this claim. In your answer, explain how regenerative braking improves efficiency and assess whether the student's claim is fully correct. [8]
Solutions
4QuestionEnergy Conversion from One Form to AnotherAssessment Practice
12 marks~18 minCriterion B
A student tests a solar panel over five days, recording sunlight intensity and electrical energy output.
| Sunlight Intensity (W/m²) | 200 | 400 | 600 | 800 | 1000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical Energy Output (W/m²) | 40 | 100 | 180 | 280 | 400 |
a
Calculate the efficiency of the solar panel for each of the five days. Show your working. [5]
b
Describe the relationship between sunlight intensity and efficiency, using values from your calculations to support your answer. [3]
c
On Day 6, the sunlight intensity is 900 W/m². Analyse the data to deduce the electrical energy output for this day. Show your reasoning. [4]
Solutions
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