Structure of the Atom
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Structure of the Atom — Free MYP4 Chemistry Practice Questions

1QuestionDevelopment of Atomic Models Dalton to BohrConcept Practice
4 marks~6 minCriterion A
The diagrams below show two historical models of the atom.

Diagram A: Dalton's model — a solid, featureless sphere.
Diagram B: Thomson's model — a sphere of uniform positive charge with electrons embedded within it.
a
State what Dalton's model proposes about the internal structure of the atom. [1]
b
Describe the internal structure proposed by Thomson's model. [1]
c
Analyse how Thomson's model challenged a fundamental assumption of Dalton's model, and explain what this change implied about the divisibility of the atom. [2]
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Solutions

2QuestionAtomic Number Mass Number and Nuclear SymbolAssessment Practice
5 marks~8 minCriterion C

Data

Cl-35\text{Cl-35}: m/z=35.0m/z = 35.0, abundance =75.8%= 75.8\%, first ionization energy =1251 kJ mol−1= 1251 \ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}

Cl-37\text{Cl-37}: m/z=37.0m/z = 37.0, abundance =24.2%= 24.2\%, first ionization energy =1251 kJ mol−1= 1251 \ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}

Ion X\text{Ion X}: m/z=36.0m/z = 36.0, abundance =0.01%= 0.01\%, first ionization energy =1252 kJ mol−1= 1252 \ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}
A student investigates the hypothesis: "Atomic number, not mass number, determines the chemical identity of an element." A mass spectrometer analyses two chlorine isotopes and an unknown ion X, giving the following
a
State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in Cl-35\text{Cl-35} (assume singly charged cation). [1]
b
Explain why Cl-35\text{Cl-35} and Cl-37\text{Cl-37} are classified as the same element despite having different mass numbers. [2]
c
Evaluate which piece of experimental evidence — m/zm/z ratio, relative abundance, or first ionization energy — provides the strongest support for the hypothesis. Use data from all three species in your answer. [2]
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Solutions

3QuestionStructure of the Nucleus and Electron ShellsConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion B
The electron configurations of the first four elements are:

Hydrogen: 1s11s^1
Helium: 1s21s^2
Lithium: 1s22s11s^2 2s^1
Beryllium: 1s22s21s^2 2s^2
a
Identify the pattern in how electrons fill subshells as atomic number increases from hydrogen to beryllium. [1]
b
Deduce the electron configuration of boron (Z=5Z = 5), justifying your answer using the pattern identified in part (a). [1]

Solutions

4QuestionSubatomic Particles Protons Neutrons ElectronsAssessment Practice
6 marks~9 minCriterion D
Technetium-99m (99m^{99m}Tc) is a radioactive isotope widely used in medical imaging. It is produced from molybdenum-99 (99^{99}Mo), which is generated by uranium-235 fission in nuclear reactors. Technetium-99m decays by gamma emission with a half-life of 6 hours. Global supply depends on fewer than ten aging reactors, raising concerns about radioactive waste, reactor safety, and nuclear security.
a
Explain how the nuclear properties of technetium-99m make it suitable for medical imaging. [2]
b
Analyse the environmental and supply-chain risks created by the current method of producing molybdenum-99. [2]
c
Evaluate the overall societal trade-offs of continuing to use technetium-99m in healthcare, and justify whether investment in alternative production technologies is warranted. [2]
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Solutions

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