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Forms and Conservation of Energy — Free MYP4 Physics Practice Questions
1QuestionEnergy Flow in SystemsConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion A
The Hoover Dam on the Colorado River stands 221 m above its turbine inlets. Water released from the reservoir accelerates downward through penstocks before striking the turbine blades.
Describe the primary energy transformation that occurs as the water falls from the reservoir surface to the turbine inlet. [2]
Describe the primary energy transformation that occurs as the water falls from the reservoir surface to the turbine inlet. [2]
Solutions
2QuestionUseful vs Wasted Energy and Sankey DiagramsAssessment Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion D
Electric cars convert stored electrical energy to kinetic energy more efficiently than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, which waste a significant proportion of fuel energy as heat and sound.
Explain one way this increased efficiency can positively impact society. [2]
Explain one way this increased efficiency can positively impact society. [2]
Solutions
3QuestionLaw of Conservation of EnergyAssessment Practice
6 marks~9 minCriterion A
A simple pendulum is released from rest at point A, its highest point. It swings down through point B, its lowest point, and continues up to point C, its highest point on the opposite side. Assume air resistance and friction are negligible.
a
State the energy stored by the pendulum at point A and explain why its kinetic energy is zero at this point. [2]
b
Explain the energy transformations that occur as the pendulum moves from A to B to C. [2]
c
A student claims that the pendulum will rise to exactly the same height at C as at A. Evaluate this claim using the law of conservation of energy. [2]
Solutions
4QuestionDifferent Forms of Energy Kinetic Potential Thermal etcAssessment Practice
12 marks~18 minCriterion D
A coastal town is evaluating a proposal to build an offshore wind farm. Each turbine has a rotor swept area of 8 000 m², and at a wind speed of 12 m/s the air passing through one rotor each second has a mass of 96 000 kg. The turbines replace a coal-fired power station that burns chemical energy stored in fossil fuels.
a
Explain the sequence of energy transformations that occurs as wind drives a turbine to produce electricity, and calculate the maximum kinetic energy available per second from one rotor at 12 m/s. [4]
b
Analyse two environmental drawbacks of the wind farm, linking each drawback to a specific physical or ecological mechanism. [4]
c
Evaluate whether the wind farm is a sustainable and ethical solution for the town, weighing the energy and environmental evidence from parts (a) and (b) against each other. [4]
Solutions
5QuestionDifferent Forms of Energy Kinetic Potential Thermal etcAssessment Practice
12 marks~18 minCriterion C
A pendulum bob of mass 0.20 kg is released from a height of 0.45 m above its lowest point. A motion sensor records position and velocity every 0.05 s over one complete swing. Students calculate and at each instant and plot , , and total mechanical energy against time. The graph shows and varying smoothly in opposition, while decreases gradually from 0.88 J to 0.79 J over the swing.
a
Describe the energy transformations that occur during one complete swing of the pendulum. [3]
b
Analyse the graph to determine whether the data supports the principle of conservation of energy. [4]
c
Evaluate the experimental design, identifying limitations and suggesting improvements that would better validate the energy conservation model. [5]
Solutions
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