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Pressure — Free MYP4 Physics Practice Questions
1QuestionPressure in Liquids / GasesConcept Practice
2 marks~3 minCriterion A
A car mechanic uses a hydraulic lift to raise a car. The input piston has an area of and the output piston has an area of . The mechanic applies a force of to the input piston.
a
State Pascal's principle. [1]
b
Calculate the force exerted on the output piston. [1]
Solutions
2QuestionHydraulic SystemsAssessment Practice
3 marks~5 minCriterion A
A hydraulic excavator uses a hydraulic arm to lift heavy loads on construction sites. The operator pushes a control lever, causing a pump to pressurize hydraulic fluid inside a sealed cylinder.
a
Identify the physical principle that allows pressure applied at the pump to move the excavator arm at a distant cylinder. [1]
b
Explain how pressure is transmitted through the hydraulic fluid to produce a larger force at the excavator arm's cylinder than the pump applies. [1]
c
Discuss one societal benefit and one societal drawback of using hydraulic excavators in large-scale construction. [1]
Solutions
3QuestionHydraulic SystemsAssessment Practice
4 marks~6 minCriterion C
A student builds a model hydraulic system using two syringes of different cross-sectional areas, connected by a tube filled with water. The input syringe has a cross-sectional area of 2 cm² and the output syringe has a cross-sectional area of 6 cm². A force of 10 N is applied to the input piston.
a
State the property of liquids that makes them suitable as the working fluid in a hydraulic system. [1]
b
The student replaces the water with air. Explain how this change affects pressure transmission in the system, with reference to compressibility. [2]
c
Evaluate the consequences of using a compressible fluid in a real hydraulic braking system. [1]
Solutions
4QuestionHydraulic SystemsAssessment Practice
6 marks~9 minCriterion D
Hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, is a technique used to extract natural gas from shale rock formations. This process involves injecting a high-pressure fluid, primarily water, sand, and chemicals, into the wellbore to create fractures in the rock, allowing natural gas to flow to the surface. Hydraulic systems are essential for generating and controlling the high pressures required for this process.
Evaluate the ethical and environmental implications of using hydraulic systems in fracking, considering the following aspects:
a
Describe two potential environmental risks associated with fracking, explaining how hydraulic systems contribute to these risks. [4 marks]
b
Discuss the potential economic benefits and gains in energy independence that fracking can provide. [4 marks]
c
Considering your answers to (a) and (b), evaluate whether the potential benefits of fracking outweigh the environmental and ethical concerns. Justify your reasoning. [4 marks]
Solutions
5QuestionHydraulic SystemsAssessment Practice
10 marks~15 minCriterion D
A hydraulic car lift in a repair shop has an input piston of radius and an output piston of radius . The pistons are connected by hydraulic fluid. A technician applies a force to the input piston to raise a car.
a
A force of 150 N is applied to the input piston. Calculate the pressure transmitted to the hydraulic fluid. [2]
b
Deduce the pressure acting on the output piston, and calculate the force the output piston exerts. [4]
c
The car weighs 14 400 N. Evaluate whether a single technician, who can exert a maximum force of 900 N, is able to lift the car using this hydraulic system. Justify your answer with calculations. [4]
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Solutions
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