Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

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Circulatory and Respiratory Systems — Free MYP5 Biology Practice Questions

1QuestionBlood circulation (double circulation)Assessment Practice

2 marks~3 minCriterion A

The diagram below shows the human heart and lungs with one blood vessel labeled X.

Identify blood vessel X. [1]

Explain why blood vessel X is described as an artery even though it carries deoxygenated blood. [1]

Solutions

2QuestionBlood circulation (double circulation)Assessment Practice

2 marks~3 minCriterion D

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone naturally produced by the kidneys. Some endurance athletes, including professional cyclists, have used synthetic EPO to enhance performance. Its use is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

Explain how EPO affects the circulatory system to improve aerobic endurance performance, and identify and explain one ethical issue arising from its use in competitive sport. [2]

Solutions

3QuestionBlood circulation (double circulation)Assessment Practice

5 marks~8 minCriterion C

A researcher measures blood oxygen saturation — the percentage of haemoglobin bound to oxygen — in each chamber of a resting mammal's heart, then repeats the measurements during moderate exercise.

Resting: right atrium 70%, right ventricle 68%, left atrium 96%, left ventricle 94%

Exercise: right atrium 62%, right ventricle 60%, left atrium 92%, left ventricle 90%

A fellow scientist proposes: "The left side of the heart always contains a higher oxygen saturation than the right side."

Compare the oxygen saturation values between the left and right sides of the heart at rest and during exercise. [2]

Explain the biological reasons for the difference in oxygen saturation between the left and right sides, making reference to the double circulation pathway. [2]

Evaluate whether the experimental data fully supports the hypothesis. [1]

Solutions

4QuestionBlood circulation (double circulation)Assessment Practice

6 marks~9 minCriterion C

The table below shows partial pressures of

O_2

and

CO_2

(mmHg) and haemoglobin saturation (\%) for four blood vessels in the human circulatory system.

Vessel	Pulmonary artery	Pulmonary vein	Aorta	Vena cava
$P_{O_2}$ (mmHg)	40	105	95	40
$P_{CO_2}$ (mmHg)	45	40	40	45
Haemoglobin saturation (\%)	75	98	97	75

Identify the vessel with the highest haemoglobin saturation and explain, using the

P_{O_2}

data, why saturation reaches this value at that location. [2]

Deduce the relationship between

P_{O_2}

and haemoglobin saturation, supporting your answer with two specific data comparisons from the table. [2]

Analyse how the data for all four vessels demonstrate that double circulation maintains efficient oxygen delivery to body tissues. [2]

Solutions

5QuestionBlood circulation (double circulation)Assessment Practice

6 marks~9 minCriterion D

A hospital emergency department is trialling a rapid blood-typing device that analyses a finger-prick sample in 30 seconds with a 0.5% error rate (1 in 200 results is incorrect). Standard laboratory testing takes 45 minutes but has an accuracy of 99.99%. In a major trauma, every minute without a transfusion increases the risk of death from blood loss.

Explain why transfusing incompatible blood can be fatal, using the terms antigens, antibodies, agglutination, and haemolysis. [2]

Discuss the ethical trade-off between speed and safety when deciding which test to use in a life-threatening emergency. [2]

Evaluate whether the hospital should adopt the rapid device as its primary blood-typing method. In your answer, identify one specific limitation of a 0.5% error rate in this clinical context and suggest one strategy to reduce the associated risk. [2]

Solutions

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